The objective of this handbook is to provide parliamentarians with information to initiate and promote the evidence-informed and rights-based HIV response that is crucial to achieving universal access to HIV prevention, treatment, care, and support for all. Particular attention is devoted to assisting parliamentarians in taking action and making decisions on HIV-related law and policy reform, by providing information on the critical role of human rights in the overall response to the epidemic. The handbook also provides a large reference of good practices by legislatures and examples of leadership by individual parliamentarians.