Re: China: Government blocks access to Google



DIGITAL FREEDOM NETWORK: Human rights and cyber-rights news

China's ban on Google Web search engine lifted
by Bobson Wong, Digital Freedom Network

URL: www.dfn.org/news/china/google2.htm

(September 12, 2002) China's ban on the popular Google Internet search 
engine site, discovered by researchers last week, was lifted sometime 
yesterday.

Web users told the Digital Freedom Network that they were able to access 
the Google site inside China as of yesterday. The reasons for the lifting 
of the ban are unclear, although the timing might have been related to the 
anniversary of the September 11, 2001 attacks in the United States. In the 
days after the attacks last years, Chinese censors unblocked several major 
U.S. media sites.

China's ban on the part of the Yahoo! site that uses Google's technology 
remains in place. Several other Western-based news and human rights sites, 
including the Digital Freedom Network's site (dfn.org), also remain 
blocked. However, users told DFN that the news section of the Hong 
Kong-based South China Morning Post, which often publishes articles from 
Western newswire services, is now accessible online after being blocked for 
at least the past several days.

Last week, several newswire services reported that the popular Google 
search engine was being blocked in China. The reports are based on a 
testing method developed by Jonathan Zittrain and Benjamin Edelman, two 
researchers at Harvard Law School's Berkman Center for Internet and 
Society. Using Zittrain and Edelman's testing methods indicated that 
Google's Web site (www.google.com) was being blocked in China.

Part of Yahoo! site still blocked

In the last several days, several other Web sites that incorporate Google's 
underlying Web technology in their own search functions have also been 
blocked. The most prominent example was the U.S.-based Yahoo!, which uses 
Google's technology as its default search results provider. When a Web 
search is performed on Yahoo!, results are displayed from both Yahoo!'s 
directory of Web sites (which is maintained by Yahoo! surfers who visit and 
categorize sites) and Google's search engine.

No part of the Yahoo! site was blocked as of Friday, September 6. Over the 
weekend, several Chinese users reported on e-mail lists that Google search 
results were accessible through Yahoo! and other sites. By September 9, 
Chinese censors responded by blocking search results on Yahoo!'s site from 
Google's search engine (http://google.yahoo.com). Results from Yahoo!'s 
directory of sites (http://search.yahoo.com) were temporarily blocked on 
September 9 but currently remain accessible.

Before the ban was lifted, Chinese users had reported that when going to 
the Google site they were redirected to other sites. One user told the 
Digital Freedom Network that she was redirected to a Beijing University 
search engine page that said, "Users visiting Google may be redirected to 
the Tianwang search engine or other mainland search engines. This has not 
been caused by Tianwang and neither is it something that Tianwang hopes to 
see. We hope that surfers can be understanding and forgiving."

Chinese-language Yahoo! still accessible

Other parts of the Yahoo! site, such as Yahoo!'s mail and discussion 
groups, appear to be unaffected. The Chinese-language version of Yahoo!, 
which is a wholly owned subsidiary of the U.S.-based Yahoo!, also does not 
appear to be blocked. Yahoo! China signed the "Public Pledge on 
Self-Discipline for China Internet Industry," a voluntary pledge by 
organizations within China to monitor and control Internet content.

While parts of the pledge appear benign, signatories also pledge to refrain 
from production or dissemination "that may jeopardize state security and 
disrupt social stability, contravene laws and regulations and spread 
superstition and obscenity." In practice, such information is generally 
understood to mean material related to such taboo topics as the June 4, 
1989 Tiananmen Square massacre, Tibet, and the Falun Gong spiritual group.

In a statement, Yahoo!'s associate general counsel said that the content 
restrictions stated in the pledge "impose no greater obligation than 
already exists in laws in China." The lawyer also stated that Yahoo! will 
conform to local laws in countries where it operates.

Cat-and-mouse game

The growing list of sites that are blocked reflects the speed with which 
Chinese censors try to block content they consider threatening. Within 
hours of reports that Google's search results could be accessed through 
part of Yahoo!'s search engine, that section was blocked.

Since Google licenses its search technology to many sites on the Internet, 
a complete block of Google's technology is almost impossible. Thus, 
determined Internet users in China can perform Web searches from other 
sites that use Google's technology, such as looksmart.com. Furthermore, 
users can try to access any of thousands of proxy servers — intermediaries 
that handle traffic between a computer and the rest of the Internet. 
However, proxy servers can be difficult to find, and government censors 
reportedly search the Internet looking for proxy servers to block.

Fortunately for Chinese Net users, bans on Web sites are lifted with enough 
media attention or external pressure. For example, China lifted bans on the 
New York Times and the Australian Broadcasting Corporation sites after the 
two publications raised the issue with Chinese officials. For now, though, 
Chinese users face the prospect of more seemingly random blockades of Web 
sites.


Copyright (c) 2001 Digital Freedom Network (http://dfn.org). All rights 
reserved. This article may be reproduced or redistributed for online 
not-for-profit use without prior written consent as long as DFN is 
recognized with this credit. For information about DFN's permissions 
policy, see <http://dfn.org/about/permissions.htm>.



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